How do you manage communication between the frontend and backend in a Python full stack application using REST APIs?

 

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How do you manage communication between the frontend and backend in a Python full stack application using REST APIs?


In a Python full stack application, the frontend (built with frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue.js) communicates with the backend (typically using Python frameworks such as Flask or Django) through REST APIs. This setup ensures separation of concerns, allowing independent development and scaling of both layers.

1. Backend – Exposing REST APIs (Python)
The backend exposes RESTful endpoints that follow standard HTTP methods

GET – Retrieve data

POST – Create data

PUT/PATCH – Update data

DELETE – Remove data

Python frameworks like Flask or Django REST Framework (DRF) are commonly used to define these endpoints and handle business logic and data access.

2. Frontend – Consuming APIs

The frontend makes HTTP requests to these API endpoints using tools like:

Native fetch API

Third-party libraries like Axios

State/data management tools like React Query or SWR

These tools help in fetching, caching, and updating data in the user interface.

3. Data Format
Communication between frontend and backend typically uses JSON. The backend serializes data into JSON, and the frontend parses it for display or further processing.

4. CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
If the frontend and backend run on different origins (e.g., ports or domains), CORS must be enabled on the backend to allow communication.

5. Authentication
To secure APIs, authentication is implemented using mechanisms like JWT (JSON Web Tokens) or session-based authentication. Tokens are usually included in request headers to authorize API access.

Summary
Backend exposes RESTful endpoints using Python frameworks.

Frontend consumes APIs via HTTP and handles state accordingly.

JSON is the standard format for data exchange.

CORS and authentication ensure secure and smooth communication.

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