How do you manage environment variables and sensitive data in a Python web application?
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How do you manage environment variables and sensitive data in a Python web application?
Managing environment variables and sensitive data in a Python web application is crucial for maintaining security and flexibility across different environments (development, testing, production).
Use Environment Variables
Store sensitive data such as database credentials, API keys, and secret tokens in environment variables. This avoids hardcoding sensitive information directly into the application code, reducing the risk of accidental exposure.
Load Environment Variables in Development
For local development, you can use a tool like python-dotenv to load environment variables from a file. This makes it easier to manage different settings without altering the codebase.
Configure Environment Variables in Production
In production environments (such as cloud platforms or Docker containers), environment variables are typically set through deployment configurations or infrastructure settings, rather than in files.
Secure Your Secrets
Ensure that sensitive files, such as .env, are added to .gitignore and never committed to version control. This helps protect sensitive data from being exposed to others.
Use Environment-Based Configuration
Organize application settings based on different environments (e.g., development, staging, production). You can switch between them using an environment-specific setting or flag.
Summary
Managing sensitive data through environment variables enhances security, avoids hardcoded secrets, and supports better configuration management across environments.
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